APS' unique chemical grafting process results in properties
being permanently attached to the substrate with the use of a
specialized substrate activator and monomer system. Following
are the most common used substrates and desired properties
for use with APS' process (this list should only be used as a
reference of the process' capabilities and not a limit as to what
it can do):

Metals
steels, aluminum, brass, bronze, copper, zinc, nickel
Corrosion resistance, abrasion/wear resistance, impact
resistance, lubricity, conductivity, temperature resistance, color

Plastics
polyolefins, PVC, polycarbonate, ABS, nylon, polyester,
polystyrene, acrylic
Oxygen and moisture barrier, nonflammability, scratch/abrasion
resistance, increased structural strength, UV resistance,
adhesion to other materials, flavor barrier

Rubbers
natural, synthetic
Chemical resistance, lubricity, UV/ozone resistance, fuel
barrier, conductivity, adhesion

Textiles
cotton, polyester, blends, nylon, fibers, yarns
Nonflammability, hydrophobicity, alteration of "hand", anti-static,
stain resistance, increased dye receptivity

Glass/Ceramics
blown, fiber, sheet
Scratch/abrasion resistance, adhesion of water based inks,
decorative finishes, shatter resistance, UV barrier, water
repellency

Biopolymers
hair, skin, teeth
Slow release, increased comfort to skin,
hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, bactericidial/fungicidal properties

Wood/Paper
Bactericidal/fungicidal/mold resistance, moisture barrier,
nonflammability, increased tear strength, adhesion to paints
and inks, adhesion to other
materials

The ingredients in all APS formulations will be completely safe,
can be water based in many cases, and will conform to OSHA,
EPA and, if required, FDA guidelines.
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Application Methods

Most commonly used application methods:

Coatings
Coatings are applied on the surface of
substrates to improve the functional
properties and durability. Conventional
coatings need extensive surface
preparation for adhesion and need to
build up thickness for performance. Such
is not the case with APS' coating
formulations. Most APS coatings can be
applied in one step with no or minimal
surface preparation. In addition, due to the
chemistry of APS' chemical grafting
process, thinner coatings can be used to
achieve a higher degree of property
performance. Delamination will not occur
due to the chemical bond formed between
the coating and the substrate with some
subsurface penetration occuring through
the use of molecularly small and
lightweight monomers.

Typical coating methods can be used such
as dip, spray, roll, flow coat, etc. APS
coatings can be formulated to be air dried,
however, in the interest of time, heat or
some energy source (i.e., UV or infrared
lights) can be used.

Additives
APS can develop additives to incorporate
into the raw material/resin prior to
extruding or molding. In this case, the new
properties will penetrate the matrix of the
material. APS chemists will adjust the
formulation to conform to the processing
parameters used by the manufacturer.
Due to the molecular bond formed by APS'
process, the new properties will not
migrate and leach from the material over
time, even under severe conditions.

Laminates
APS chemists have extensive experience
in bonding the same or different
substrates together. Materials that are
difficult to adhere to are effectively bonded
with APS' process. Again, no or minimal
surface preparation is needed and the
end result is a chemical attachment of one
substrate to the other. Consequently,
substrate failure will occur before
adhesion failure. In addition, if two
substrates with different coefficients of
thermal expansion are bonded, an APS
developed adhesive's bonding action will
not be affected. Such is not the case with
conventional adhesives which cannot
withstand the varying expansion and
contraction of different substrates.

Application of all APS chemical grafting
formulations can applied at ambient
temperatures and normal atmospheric
conditions
Understanding the molecular structure and nature of organic
and inorganic materials is the key to APS' scientists sucesses.
Our chemists detailed knowledge of the following offers an
infinite advantage:

Molecular make up of substrates such as plastics, rubber,
wood, paper, glass, ceramics and metals.
Method of activating substrates to form sites for attachment of
new functionalities.
Activity of functional groups on monomers and prepolymers
and how to combine them to provide new and unique
properties on substrates.
Interaction of monomers and prepolymers and in linking them
together to form new polymer side chains.
Combining all reactive ingredients to formulate easy to apply,
cost effective surface treatments, additives and adhesives.
Upscaling chemically grafted formulations from laboratory to
pilot scale to full scale manufacturing using existing/minimal
equipment.
Production of these unique formulation, supervised by a Ph.D.
in polymer chemistry to ensure each shipment is quality
controlled.